Al-Afkar: Jurnal Pemikiran Mahasiswa Pendidikan

Rethinking the Historical Development of Fiqh: An Educational Perspective on Ijtihad, Taqlid, and Legal Adaptability

Sanra Mahenra Hatoguan Ritonga, Fuji Arifzapni — Tue, 05 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The purpose of this article is to explain the long historical process of the development of Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh) since the early days of Islam, by highlights how fiqh was gradually formed through social dynamics, the needs of the community, and the contributions of scholars. The article also describes the role of the Companions, the Followers, and the Imams of the Islamic schools in developing a systematic foundation for Islamic law. The method used in this article is a historical-descriptive study that traces the development of fiqh from the time of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) to the emergence of the major schools of thought. The author analyzes classical fiqh sources and literature to observe the development patterns, methods of ijtihad, and the dynamics between ijtihad and taqlid in each era. The results of the study show that fiqh developed through clear stages, starting with the ijtihad of the Companions and Followers, then the systematization of legal methods by the Imams of the schools. Each school of thought has its own characteristics and approach, but always refers to the Qur'an and Sunnah. The conclusion of this article is that the development of fiqh is a gradual process that is influenced by the needs of the community and the context of the times.

Implementasi Lean Canvas Pada Startup Fashion Dalam Menghadapi Persaingan Bisnis (Studi Kasus Pada Startup Smolio)

Abdurrahman Fatih, Erie Awalil Fakhri — Wed, 06 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Smolio is a fashion clothing startup that adopts a fun, pop, and bright-colored concept. This study aims to evaluate appropriate strategies for developing Smolio’s business in facing competition within the Indonesian fashion industry. The research employs a qualitative approach with data collection techniques including interviews, observations, and documentation involving both internal and external parties of Smolio. Data analysis is conducted by applying the Lean Canvas framework through mapping Smolio’s business conditions into nine elements, namely problem, customer segments, unique value proposition, solution, channels, revenue streams, cost structure, key metrics, and unfair advantage. The results indicate that Smolio faces major challenges in the form of limited initial funding, insignificant product sales, and suboptimal marketing strategies. The application of Lean Canvas assists Smolio in identifying business problems and evaluating its business model through deeper customer segmentation, optimization of marketing strategies in line with market developments, and more structured financial and cost management to enhance competitiveness against competitors and ensure business sustainability in the future.

Deconstructing the Merdeka Curriculum Policy: Assessing Its Relevance to Contemporary Pedagogical Paradigms

Singgar Mantahari Dalimunthe, Amal Syahidin — Wed, 27 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study critically deconstructs the Merdeka Curriculum policy documents to assess their conceptual alignment with contemporary pedagogical paradigms. While existing literature primarily focuses on field implementation, this research addresses the scarcity of critical policy analysis by examining the ideological discourses embedded within the curriculum. Employing a qualitative library research design through Critical Policy Analysis, the study conceptually juxtaposes official national regulatory documents against theories of critical pedagogy, social constructivism, and connectivism. The findings reveal a profound ideological compromise: the curriculum’s emancipatory rhetoric is heavily overshadowed by neoliberal and centralistic bureaucratic agendas. Complex pedagogical concepts, such as differentiated instruction and character education, are structurally reduced into rigid administrative checklists and quantitative rubrics. Consequently, the policy creates an illusion of decentralization, leading to the "app-ification" of education, the deskilling of teachers, and the emergence of an affective panopticon that triggers performative morality among students. The study concludes that genuine pedagogical transformation cannot occur within compliance-based surveillance frameworks. It implies an urgent need for policymakers to dismantle performative assessment metrics and restore the epistemological autonomy and professional dignity of educators as true curriculum co-creators.

Principal's Strategy in Implementing the Scholarship Program at Tarbiyatus Shibyan Vocational School in Kemantren Paciran Lamongan

Mohammad Farih — Sat, 30 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Scholarship programs have become an important tool in encouraging access to Vocational High School education and socio-economic development for financially disadvantaged communities. The research results show that the scholarship program has a significant positive impact on access to higher education. People who receive scholarships have greater opportunities to access higher education compared to groups who do not receive financial assistance. Apart from that, positive impacts can also be seen in socio-economic development. Graduates of scholarship programs tend to have lower unemployment rates and higher income levels compared to those who do not receive scholarships. School principals play a central role in the successful implementation of scholarship programs in vocational high schools. In directing the implementation of the scholarship program, focus on the strategies used to ensure the smooth running and positive impact of the program.

الإرهاب ومقاصدية إرهاب العدو في الكتب السماوية بالتركيز على القرآن الكريم

أبوبكر حسن علي بخيت — Wed, 03 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

إن القتل والإرهاب، محرم ومنهي عنه في كل الكتب السماوية، التوراة والإنجيل والقرآن، وأن هذه الكتب جاءت لاقامة العدل بالقسط بين الناس، كما أنها أكدت على حفظ الأنفس والدماء، وصيانة العرض والممتلكات، وعلى عدم الترويع والترهيب. هدفت الورقة إلى بيان مقصدية إرهاب العدو في الكتب السماوية، ولإيضاح معاني القتل في النصوص الواردة في الكتب السماوية، ولأسباب تخويف المعتدين والقتلة وإرهابهم، مبينة أسباب التناقض الواردة في الكتاب المقدس المحرف، مستخدمة المنهج التاريخي، بجمع المعلومات من مصادرها ومظانها، وعرضها، ثم المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، الذي حاول فيه الباحث تحليل المعلومات والأفكار؛ للوصول إلى النتائج المرجوة. وقد توصلت لطائفة من النتائج، أبرزها: الإرهاب من حيث مفهومه اللغوي، وفي كل اللغات يعني، الاستخدام المنظم للعنف والترهيب والتخويف لتحقيق هدف ما، وهو ليس حكراً لدين معين من الأديان، أو جماعة محددة من الجماعات. الإرهابي والإرهابيون، وصف يطلق على الذين يسلكون سبيل العنف؛ لتحقيق أهدافهم الدينية السياسية، من غير مرجعية حقة، ولا تستند إلى كتاب سماوي حق صحيح، غير محرف ولا مبدل. حيث كانت أهم الكلمات المفتاحية للبحث: الإرهاب: استخدام العنف- غير القانوني- أو التهديد به أو بأشكاله المختلفة؛ كـالاغتيال والتشويه والتعذيب والتخريب والنسف وغيره بغية تحقيق هدف سياسي معين، وبشكل عام استخدام الإكراه لإخضاع طرف، مناوئ لمشيئة الجهة الإرهابية. العهد القديم: العهد القديم هو القسم الأول من الكتاب المقدس المسيحي، والذي يعتمد بشكل أساسي على 24 سفرًا من الكتاب المقدس العبري،وهي مجموعة من الأسفار الدينية العبرية القديمة وأحيانًا الآرامية التي كتبها بنو إسرائيل. العهد الجديد: اسم النصف الثاني من الكتاب المقدس المسيحي، جُمِّع منذ القرن الثاني الميلادي بعد انفصال المسيحية عن اليهودية. القود: هو القصاص، وسمي بذلك لأن القاتل يقوده أولياء القتيل، والعادة أنه يربط في عنقه حبل، ثم يقودونه إلى المكان الذي يقتل فيه قصاصا، ثم أطلق على كل قصاص أنه قود ولو كان دون النفس. (ابن فارس،1994م).