Al-Fahmu: Jurnal Ilmu Al-Qur'an dan Tafsir

An Tarādin as an Ethical-Legal Principle of Contractual Consent: A Thematic Interpretation of Qur’an 4:29

Mualim Mualim, Ahmad Pathonih, Asep Mustofa Kamal, Rahma Maulidya Syahida — Tue, 15 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The principle of an tarāḍin (mutual consent) constitutes one of the central ethical and legal foundations of commercial transactions in Islamic law. While Qur'an Surah An-Nisāʾ [4]:29 is frequently cited as the primary textual basis for consensual exchange, existing discussions tend to emphasize its legal permissibility rather than its broader ethical implications for contractual legitimacy. This article examines the concept of an tarāḍin through a thematic Qur'anic interpretation (tafsīr mawḍūʿī) based on Abdul Hayy al-Farmawi's methodological framework. The study employs qualitative library research by analyzing Qur'anic verses, classical and contemporary tafsir literature, and relevant Prophetic traditions concerning consent and commercial contracts. The analysis shows that an tarāḍin functions not merely as voluntary agreement between contracting parties but as a normative principle that integrates informed consent, honesty, fairness, and the protection of property rights within Islamic commercial ethics. The study further argues that practices involving coercion (ikrah), material deception (tadlīs), and excessive contractual uncertainty (gharar fāḥish) compromise the realization of genuine mutual consent and consequently affect the legal validity or enforceability of transactions in Islamic jurisprudence. Conversely, mechanisms such as musāwamah (price negotiation) and khiyār (contractual option) serve as juridical instruments for safeguarding authentic consent in market exchanges. This study contributes to Qur'anic scholarship by positioning an tarāḍin as an integrated ethical-legal framework for evaluating commercial transactions within contemporary Islamic economic discourse.

Emotional Levels from Aisah Dahlan’s Perspective: A Comparative Analysis with the Qur’anic Concept of An-Nafs

Syiehd Achmed Farhan Ash-Shiddieqy, Muh Huud I Wima — Tue, 15 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Every individual is inextricably linked to emotions that need to be managed effectively. The Qur’an teaches the values of self-control as part of emotional management, whilst Aisah Dahlan explains emotional regulation from a psychological perspective. This study employs a qualitative descriptive method through a literature review, drawing on the works of Aisah Dahlan, psychological literature, Qur’anic verses concerning al-nafs, as well as classical and contemporary exegeses. The research findings reveal three correlations. Firstly, a low emotional level is associated with the nafs ammārah, which tends to follow one’s desires and leads to evil. Secondly, a moderate emotional level is associated with the nafs lawwāmah, characterised by self-awareness, reflection and efforts at self-improvement. Thirdly, a high level of emotion aligns with the nafs mutma’innah, characterised by tranquillity, acceptance and submission to Allah. Nevertheless, Dahlan’s perspective cannot be equated with the concept of al-nafs in the Qur’an. Dahlan places greater emphasis on psychological and emotional aspects, whilst al-nafs possesses broader moral, spiritual and theological dimensions. This research is limited to a literature review; therefore, future research may test these findings through an empirical approach in the context of the individual and education.

Moderated Foreignization in State-Sponsored Qur’an Translation: Ideology Behind Indonesia’s Jihad Verses

Dede Rodin, Ade Yusuf Mujaddid, Azka Yusmar Ainun Najmi — Tue, 15 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Official Qur’an translations shape public understanding of theologically sensitive terms, and jihād is among the most contested of them. This study identifies the foreignization and domestication strategies applied to jihād verses in Al-Qur’an dan Terjemahannya Edisi Penyempurnaan 2019 (QT 2019) and explains the ideological orientation underlying them. Using a qualitative descriptive-interpretive design, 28 verses containing the root j-h-d were collected from QT 2019 and its 2002 predecessor through document analysis, then analysed through data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing, with each rendering and its paratext coded by Venuti’s (1995) criteria as operationalised through Newmark (1988), compared diachronically, and verified by independent double coding and source triangulation. Lexical foreignization predominates in 20 of 28 verses but is consistently moderated by paratextual domestication, a pattern termed moderated foreignization. Three shift patterns emerge: domestication where militaristic misreading is likely, foreignization where the term had been over-domesticated, and stability in the majority. No verse renders jihād as perang (war) or pembunuhan (killing), which indicates an ideological tendency toward wasaṭiyyah (Islamic moderation). Theoretically, the study proposes paratextual domestication, combinative domestication, and moderated foreignization as extensions of Venuti’s binary framework.

Interpretation of Surah Ad-duha in the Oral Interpretation of Walter J. Ong: Analysis of Adi Hidayat’s Tafsir on Youtube

Hidayah Nawang Khasbullah, Eka Prasetiawati, Ikhwanudin — Tue, 15 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study was motivated by the growing trend of oral exegesis on social media, particularly on YouTube. The study aims to describe Adi Hidayat’s oral exegesis of Q.S. Ad-dhuha delivered via the YouTube channel (Adi Hidayat Official), and to identify and analyze the characteristics of Adi Hidayat’s oral exegesis of Q.S. Ad-dhuha based on Walter J. Ong’s theory of orality. This study employs a qualitative method with a descriptive analytical approach. Primary data consists of video of the interpretation of Q.S. Ad-dhuha uploaded on June 7, 2024, while secondary data was obtained from the book Orality and Literacy: The Thechologizing of the Word and various relevant literature. The results of this study indicate that Adi Hidayat’s interpretation of Q.S. Ad-dhuha is contextual and practical, emphasizing spiritual messages of tranquillity, optimism, and the conviction that Allah will not abandon his servants. Furthermore, this interpretation exhibits oral characteristics such as being additive, aggregative, redundant, conservative, empathetic or participatory, situational, and homeostatic, while agonistic charactreristics are not dominant. Thus, oral interpretation on social media plays a crucial role in conveying an understanding of the Qur’an in acommunicative and relevant manner for contemporary life.

The Prohibition Against Approaching Adultery in the Al-Azhar Commentary: Surah Al-Isra’ [17]:32 from a Gender Perspective

Diyana Akfia Suryani, Sukendar, M Sihabudin, Syekh Muhammad Athif Awadh — Tue, 15 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study is motivated by the phenomenon of increasingly liberal teenage social interactions that tend to normalize relationships that can lead to adultery. The purpose of this study is to examine the prohibition against approaching adultery in Surah Al-Isra’ [17]:32 based on Buya Hamka’s Al-Azhar commentary from a gender perspective. The method used is a literature review employing a qualitative approach through the analysis of various exegetical sources and relevant journals. The results indicate that the prohibition in this verse is not limited to the act of adultery itself but also encompasses all behaviors that lead to it. From a gender perspective, the study reveals a disproportionate burden of psychological, social, and moral consequences borne by women, particularly in cases of pregnancy outside of marriage. This study emphasizes the importance of religious understanding, moral education, and the roles of family and society in preventing behaviors that lead to adultery. Thus, this study is expected to contribute to enriching exegetical studies and serve as a reminder to society, particularly adolescents, to guard themselves and their behavior in accordance with Islamic values.

QS. Al-Hujurat [49]:11-12 in Ibn Kathir’s Interpretation: Qur’anic Ethics and Bullying Prevention in an Islamic School

Agym Rian Saputra, Winda Sari — Tue, 15 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Bullying remains a persistent challenge in educational settings, affecting students’ psychological well-being, social relationships, and learning experiences. This study examines Ibn Kathir’s interpretation of QS. Al-Hujurat [49]:11-12 and its relevance to bullying prevention at MAS Muallimin Medan. Employing a qualitative descriptive design, the study combines library and field research. Data were collected through analysis of Ibn Kathir’s Tafsir al-Qur’an al-’Azim, school observations, and semi-structured interviews with the principal, counseling teacher, Qur’anic interpretation teacher, homeroom teacher, and students. Data were analyzed using thematic content analysis and the Miles and Huberman framework. The findings show that Ibn Kathir’s interpretation emphasizes interpersonal ethics through prohibitions against ridicule, insult, offensive labeling, negative suspicion, fault-finding, and backbiting. These principles correspond to forms of bullying identified at the research site, particularly verbal ridicule, derogatory labeling, excessive joking, and social exclusion. The study also finds that character education, teacher supervision, moral guidance, tabayyun, and parental involvement function as practical mechanisms for translating these Qur’anic values into school-based prevention. The study concludes that QS. Al-Hujurat [49]:11-12, as interpreted by Ibn Kathir, provides an ethical framework for fostering respectful relationships and preventing bullying in Islamic educational settings.

The Monitoring System for Qur’anic Mushaf Circulation by Indonesia’s Lajnah Pentashihan Mushaf Al-Qur’an

Siti Aisyah, Muslim Djuned, Syukran Abu Bakar — Tue, 15 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The increasing circulation of printed and digital Qur’anic mushafs requires an effective monitoring system to ensure their authenticity and compliance with applicable regulations. This study examines the Qur’anic mushaf monitoring system implemented by the Lajnah Pentashihan Mushaf Al-Qur’an (LPMQ) using Soerjono Soekanto’s theory of legal effectiveness and identifies the factors that support and constrain its implementation. Employing a qualitative approach, the study collected data through online interviews and documentation. The data were analyzed using Soekanto’s five factors of legal effectiveness: legal rules, law enforcement, facilities and infrastructure, society, and culture. The findings indicate that LPMQ’s monitoring system encompasses pre-publication verification, post-publication monitoring, oversight of imported mushafs, and monitoring of digital Qur’anic mushafs. Facilities and infrastructure constitute the strongest supporting factor, while legal rules, law enforcement, society, and culture demonstrate moderate effectiveness due to several implementation constraints. The system is supported by qualified mushaf verification personnel, the use of technology, and interinstitutional cooperation. However, its implementation remains constrained by limited digital regulatory frameworks, human resource capacity, and monitoring coverage. The study argues that strengthening digital regulations and expanding monitoring capacity are necessary to enhance the effectiveness of Qur’anic mushaf oversight in the digital era.

Digital Tabayyun in the Age of Deepfakes: A Double Movement Interpretation of QS. Al-Hujurat [49]:6

Muhamad Syafiq, Mundhir — Tue, 15 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The proliferation of deepfake technology has blurred the distinction between authentic and fabricated information, creating ethical challenges in evaluating and disseminating digital content. This study examines the ethical principles of tabayyun in QS. Al-Hujurat [49]:6 and contextualizes them within the deepfake phenomenon through Fazlur Rahman’s Double Movement approach. Employing qualitative library research, the study analyzes Qur’anic exegesis, classical and contemporary literature, and scholarly studies on deepfakes, digital misinformation, and information verification. The analysis involves reconstructing the verse’s socio-moral context, identifying its underlying ethical principles, and contextualizing them within contemporary digital communication. The findings identify five interconnected dimensions of tabayyun: information verification, source-credibility assessment, caution in making consequential judgments, protection of potentially affected parties, and social responsibility in disseminating information. Through the Double Movement, these principles are reformulated as a framework for digital information ethics without equating deepfakes or artificial intelligence with Qur’anic categories such as fāsiq or naba’. The study proposes Digital Tabayyun as a contextual Qur’anic ethical framework for critically receiving, verifying, evaluating, and responsibly sharing digitally mediated information. It extends tabayyun beyond interpersonal communication to technologically mediated environments where visual and audio content can be synthetically produced and manipulated.

What Constitutes Legitimate Human Needs in Digital Fintech? A Gadamerian Reading of Al-Hajjah

Tue, 15 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The rapid growth of fintech lending and Buy Now Pay Later (BNPL) services in Indonesia has blurred the boundary between genuine necessity (al-hajjah) and desire-driven consumption, a distinction that existing studies grounded in conventional fiqh muamalah and Maqashid al-Shari’ah address only post-hoc and classificatorily, without explaining how a need is epistemologically constructed prior to borrowing. This study employs qualitative library research, applying Hans-Georg Gadamer’s philosophical hermeneutics to reconstruct al-hajjah through an integrative reading of three Qur’anic verses on consumption ethics (Q. Al-A’raf [7]:31, Q. Al-Isra’ [17]:26-27, and Q. Al-Furqan [25]:67), five classical exegetical works, and documented fintech lending data. The research findings show that legitimate necessity is evaluated along two hierarchically related axes rather than parallel criteria: legitimacy of purpose, established through strong exegetical convergence, and proportionality, which operates subordinate to and disciplined by the tier of purpose already established. Building on this reconstruction, the study proposes a Legitimate Human Needs Framework applicable across cross-platform fintech lending, including evolving BNPL services. As the analysis relies on aggregate rather than borrower-level data, the framework remains a provisional contribution, pending validation through primary data such as borrower interviews or surveys.

Poverty and Oppression from the Perspective of Farid Esack’s Hermeneutics of Liberation: An Analysis of Surah An-Nisa [4]: 75

Hifda Noon Fatwa Cahya Madania, Safii, Muhammad Fathi Farahat — Tue, 15 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Structural poverty in Indonesia, reflected in the 23.36 million people living in poverty and the stark disparity between rural and urban areas, calls for a reinterpretation of the concept of mustad’afin in Surah An-Nisa [4]: 75. Classical exegesis interprets this verse in a normative-historical manner, positioning the mustad’afin as passive objects to be defended through collective obligations, thereby risking a loss of relevance when applied to contemporary structural poverty. This study analyses the concept of mustad’afin through Farid Esack’s framework of liberation hermeneutics, whilst linking it to Amartya Sen’s concept of capability deprivation to test its relevance to structural poverty in Indonesia. The research employs a qualitative literature review approach with interpretative analysis enriched by thematic analysis, conducted in three stages: an exposition of classical interpretations and the asbabun nuzul, a reinterpretation through Esack’s six hermeneutical keys, and the mapping of the results against the dimensions of capability deprivation. The findings indicate that the linguistic structure of this verse affirms the mustad’afin as active subjects calling for their own liberation, rather than mere objects of compassion, and that the functional affinity between the mustad’afin and capability deprivation lies in their shared rejection of the view that oppression is a natural condition. This research contributes to opening an interdisciplinary conceptual dialogue that bridges the study of exegesis with development economics, whilst emphasising the need for a shift in the religious response to poverty from charitable philanthropy towards structural engagement.

Reconstructing the Methodology of Qur’anic Text Codification: Analyzing Jam’ul Qur’an in Al-Mustasfa fi ‘Ulum al-Qur’an

Aniqoh Dinah, Yon Machmudi, Mohamad Izdiyan Muttaqin — Tue, 15 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The history of the Quranic compilation (jam’ul Qur’an) is often understood merely chronologically as a record of early events, frequently overlooking the underlying methodological dimensions of its codification. This study aims to analyze and reconstruct the Quranic codification process as presented in Al-Mustashfa fi ‘Ulum Al-Qur’an by Salim Abu Ashi, covering the period from the Prophetic era to the Uthman ibn Affan era. Employing a qualitative approach and a literature review grounded in a constructivist-interpretative paradigm, the study finds the concepts found in Al-Mustasfa into updated methodological terms. The findings reveal that jam’ul Qur’an is rooted memorization and writing, formulated into seven methodological stages: transmission, preservation, documentation, verification, validation, standardization, and dissemination. During the era of Abu Bakr, these seven stages were operationalized through six methodological components: tawqifi arrangement, caution, dual-source verification, exclusion of existing written records, istislah and ijtihad, and competent selection, all integrated with the managerial functions of planning, organizing, directing, and controlling. This reconstruction presents the Quranic compilation process as one grounded in the principle of caution and the rigorous legal-methodological. The study offers a response to skeptical Orientalist critiques while paving the way for future research into the methodology of Qur’anic compilation.

Human Responsibility as Khalīfah: An Environmental-Ethical Reading of QS. Al-Baqarah [2]:30 in Fī Ẓilāl al-Qur’ān

Fathul Falaah Al Akbar, Iqbal Ramadhon, M Toyib, Masruchin — Tue, 15 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The accelerating environmental crisis, marked by ecosystem degradation, pollution, and unsustainable resource exploitation, calls for ethical frameworks that reconsider the human-nature relationship beyond purely instrumental approaches. This study examines Sayyid Qutb’s interpretation of QS. Al-Baqarah [2]:30 in Tafsīr Fī Ẓilāl al-Qur’ān to investigate how the Qur’anic concept of khalīfah can be understood as a framework for environmental responsibility. Employing qualitative library research and Abdul Mustaqim’s character study approach, the study analyzes Qutb’s exegetical interpretation as the primary source and relevant scholarly literature as secondary sources. Data were collected through systematic documentation and analyzed using descriptive-analytical content analysis, focusing on the theological, ethical, and ecological implications of Qutb’s conception of human stewardship. The findings identify six interrelated dimensions of khalīfah: responsible management of the earth, prudent use of natural resources, maintenance of ecological balance, prevention of environmental destruction, support for sustainable development, and fulfillment of moral and religious obligations. The study argues that Qutb’s interpretation frames human authority over the earth as a trust accompanied by accountability rather than unrestricted dominion. This reading contributes to contemporary Qur’anic environmental ethics by connecting khalīfah with ecological responsibility and offering a theological basis for more sustainable human-nature relations.

From Anthropocentrism to Hydrocentric Ethics: A Qur’anic Reading of QS. Al-Anbiya’ [21]:30 and the Global Water Crisis

Damri Hasibuan, Adlan Nawawi, Badru Tamam, Iwan Satiri, Amal Syahidin — Tue, 15 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The global water crisis raises fundamental questions about how human relationships with water should be understood beyond its treatment as an economic resource. This study examines QS. Al-Anbiyā’ [21]:30 and related Qur’anic passages to develop a water-centered ethical perspective in response to contemporary ecological challenges. Employing qualitative library research and tafsīr mawdū’ī (thematic exegesis), the study analyzes classical and contemporary interpretations by al-Qurtubī, Tantāwī Jawharī, Ibn ‘Āshūr, and M. Quraish Shihab, supplemented by literature on environmental ethics and water governance. The analysis focuses on the Qur’anic representation of water, its relationship to the origin and continuity of life, and the ethical implications of human dependence on water. The findings indicate that QS. Al-Anbiyā’ [21]:30 provides a theological basis for understanding water as a fundamental condition of life and as a resource that entails human responsibility rather than unrestricted exploitation. On this basis, the study proposes hydrocentric ethics as a conceptual framework that shifts environmental reasoning from exclusive human-centered utility toward the protection of water-dependent life and ecological relationships. Rather than claiming that the Qur’an explicitly formulates hydrocentrism, this study presents it as a contemporary ethical construction derived from Qur’anic principles. The framework contributes to Qur’anic environmental ethics by connecting revelation, ecological responsibility, and contemporary debates on sustainable water governance.

Deconstruction of the Concept of Procreation in the Qur’an: A Double Movement Analysis of the Childfree Phenomenon in Indonesia

Muniif Ahmad Faaiz, Mundhir — Tue, 15 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This research is motivated by the phenomenon of childfree in Indonesia which is increasingly visible, triggering socioreligious polarization due to the clash between modern structural reality and textualist religious understanding. To overcome these tensions, this qualitative-hermeneutical study aims to deconstruct the concept of procreation in the Qur’an using the analytical knife of Fazlur Rahman’s Double Movement theory. Through the first movement, this study traces the socio-historical context of 7th-century Arabia in order to unravel the legal reasons for procreation that are rooted in the military needs of tribal communities. Furthermore, the second movement extracts universal moral values from sacred texts, especially QS. Al-Kahf: 46 and An-Nisa: 9. The findings of this study show that the concept of procreation in the Qur’an should not be fully understood textually, but through contextual qualities that have implications for the quality of the meaning of procreation comprehensively, thus reconstructing the orientation of hifz al-nasl towards the preservation of the quality of life that respects the autonomy of the female body. In conclusion, childfree motivation cannot be generalized but must be assessed casuistically through the corridors of hifz al-nafs and hifz al-’aql. The implications of this study offer a humanist-adaptive interpretive paradigm that is inclusive and applicable to religious institutions and modern marriage counseling in responding wisely to contemporary reproductive dynamics.

Toward a Qur’anic Model of Psychological Well-Being: A Structural Thematic Analysis of Selected Verses

Tue, 15 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Psychological well-being is increasingly examined within Islamic psychology, yet conceptual models derived systematically from the Qur’anic text remain insufficiently developed. This study aims to construct a conceptual model of psychological well-being based on selected Qur’anic verses by identifying their psychological, spiritual, social, and existential dimensions and examining the relationships among them. Employing qualitative library research, the study uses structural thematic analysis to examine 25 purposively selected Qur’anic verses relevant to human well-being. Data were analyzed through open, axial, and selective coding to identify concepts, develop thematic categories, and determine the core category underlying the textual corpus. The analysis identifies five interrelated dimensions of Qur’anic psychological well-being: meaning and transcendental orientation; emotional regulation and resilience; social well-being and ethical relationships; spiritual development and self-purification; and personal development and moral responsibility. These dimensions are integrated through Spiritual Tawhid, which functions as the core category connecting human orientation toward Allah with self-regulation, interpersonal relationships, spiritual cultivation, and existential meaning. The findings suggest that Qur’anic psychological well-being extends beyond positive affect or subjective life satisfaction toward an integrated condition involving spiritual orientation, moral agency, relational well-being, and responsibility.