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Abstract
The diversity of qirā’āt (variant readings) in the Qur’an is not merely a linguistic phenomenon but a profound source of theological and semantic depth in Islamic exegesis. This study focuses on the differences in qirā’āt between the singular form rīh (wind) and the plural form riyāh (winds) and their impact on the interpretation of wind-related verses in Tafsīr al-Qurṭubī. Using a qualitative, library-based approach, this research compiles Qur’anic verses concerning wind, identifies the contextual meaning of each term within its verse, explains the qirā’āt variations in the respective verses, and analyzes four key verses that demonstrate significant reading variants: al-Hijr: 22, al-Kahf: 45, Yūnus: 22, and Āli ‘Imrān: 117. The findings indicate that the singular form rīh is predominantly associated with contexts of punishment and destructive force, whereas the plural form riyāh generally appears in contexts of mercy and blessing. In his exegesis, al-Qurṭubī presents the diverse qirā’āt transmitted from various imams and elaborates on their semantic and thematic influence on the meaning of the verses. This study affirms that the differences in qirā’āt not only broaden interpretative possibilities but juga deepen the theological understanding of Qur’anic values. Moreover, this research fills a gap in existing scholarship by specifically addressing this theme within the framework of Tafsīr al-Qurṭubī.
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References
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- Wardah, L. (2023). Makna Rih dan Riyah dalam Al-Qur’an. Al Tadabbur: Jurnal Ilmu Al-Qur’an dan Tafsir, 8(01). https://doi.org/10.30868/at.v8i01.4116
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References
Al-Aṣfahānī, A.-R. (1412). Al-Mufradāt fī Gharīb al-Qur’ān (Ṣafwān ‘Adnān Dāwūdī, Ed.). Dār al-Qalam.
Al Faruq, A. Q., Halimah, U., & Bakar, A. (2024). Semantic And Science Research Model: Relation Underground Water Concept With Agricultural Growth In Qur’an. Kontemplasi: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Ushuluddin, 12(02), 243–269. https://doi.org/10.21274/kontem.2024.12.02.243-269
Al-Jawzi, I. (1984). Nuzhat al-A’yun al-Nawāẓir fī ‘Ilm al-Wujūh wa al-Naẓā’ir ( al-R. Abd al-Karim Kazim, Ed.). Mu’assasah al-Risalah.
Al-Baqi, M. F. ‘Abd. (1431). Al-Mu’jam Al-Muhfahras li Al-Faz Al-Qur’an Al-Karim. Dar al-Ma’rifah.
Al-Din al-Shuyuti, J. (1955). Al-Itqan fi ‘Ulum al-Qur’an (3rd ed., Vol. 1). Dar al-Kutub al-’ilmiyyah.
Al-Riday, M., & Abdul, H., M., W. (2025). The Methodology of Al-Sabuni in Interpreting Legal Quranic Verses: A Critical Examination of Rawai’ Al-Bayan. Al-Burhān: Journal of Qurʾān and Sunnah Studies, 9(2), 46–68. https://doi.org/10.31436/alburhn.v9i2.373
Al-Qāsim al-Ḥusayn bin Muḥammad al-Rāghib al-Aṣfahānī, A. (1412). Al-Mufradāt fī Gharīb al-Qur’ān (Ṣafwān ‘Adnān al-Dāwudī, Ed.; 1st ed.). al-Dār al-Shāmiyyah.
Al-Qurṭubī, A. ‘Abd A. M. ibn. (1384a). Al-Jāmi’ li Aḥkām Al-Qur’ān (Vol. 5). Dār al-Kutub al-Miṣriyyah.
Al-Qurṭubī, A. ‘Abd A. M. ibn. (1384b). Al-Jāmi’ li Aḥkām Al-Qur’ān (Vol. 10). Dār al-Kutub al-Miṣriyyah.
Al-Qurṭubī, A. ‘Abd A. M. ibn. (1384c). Al-Jāmi’ li Aḥkām Al-Qur’ān (Vol. 8). Dār al-Kutub al-Miṣriyyah.
Al-Qurṭubī, A. ‘Abd A. M. ibn. (1384d). Al-Jāmi’ li Aḥkām Al-Qur’ān (Vol. 4). Dār al-Kutub al-Miṣriyyah.
Ababneh, A. (2025). Psychological Effects of Weather Phenomena in the Holy Quran (Winds and Rain). An-Najah University Journal for Research - B (Humanities), 40(8). https://doi.org/10.35552/0247.40.8.2598
Abdullah, A.-S. (2022). Fādil Al-Samarra’ī’s Contribution to Literary and Rhetorical Exegesis of the Qur’an. Religions, 13(2), 180. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel13020180
Amalia, N. R., Azkia, M., ‘Afifah, N. L. N., & Mujahid, A. (2025). Peran Angin sebagai Media Penyerbukan Perspektif al-Qur`an: Analisis Q.S. Al-Hijr ayat 22. Fathir: Jurnal Studi Islam, 2(3), 370-383. https://doi.org/10.71153/fathir.v2i3.331
Erwanto, D., & Ashar, S. (2023). Metodologi Penelitian Tafsir Al-Qur’an. CV Bentang Semesta Media.
Furqan, & Ummami, N. (2018). Penafsiran Lafaz al-Rih dan al-Riyah dalam Al-Qur’an. TAFSE: Journal of Qur’anic Studies, 3(2), 164. https://doi.org/10.22373/tafse.v3i2.13276
Ghozi Febra, Admizal, I., & Suriyadi. (2024). The Influence of Qira’at Variants in Interpretation Ayat-Ayat Al-Qur’an. Indonesia Journal of Engineering and Education Technology (IJEET), 2(2), 267–273. https://doi.org/10.61991/ijeet.v2i2.49
Hikmawati, M. (2017). Perbedaan Qira’at dan Pemaknaan: Analisis Semantik-Gramatikal dalam Alquran. Penerbit Young Progressive Muslim.
Husna, N., & Setiyawan, S. A. (2021). Pengaruh Varian Qirâ`At Dalam Penafsiran Ayat-Ayat Al-Qur’an. El-Mu’Jam. Jurnal Kajian Al Qur’an dan Al-Hadis, 1(1).
Khalīl al-Qaṭṭān, M. bin ‘. (2000). Mabāḥith fī ‘Ulūm al-Qur’ān. Maktabah Wahbah.
Marwati, A., & Hamzah, I. (2024). Diskursus Term Mufrad Jamak: Analisis Semantik dan Siyaq Lafadz Rihun dan al-Riyah dalam Penafsiran. ISME : Journal of Islamic Studies and Multidisciplinary Research, 2(2), 57–72. https://doi.org/10.61683/isme.vol22.2024.57-72
Muḥammad al-Sayyid Ḥusayn al-Dhahabī, M. (n.d.). Al-Tafsīr wa al-Mufassirūn (Vol. 3). Maktabah Wahbah.
Pranata, S. P. (2020). Konstruksi Al-Qirā’at Al-‘Āsyr Terhadap Penafsiran Ayat-Ayat Hukum Menurut Al-Jashash dan Ilkiya Al-Harashi. Al-Fath, 14(2), 159–180. https://doi.org/10.32678/alfath.v14i2.3664
Ramanda, D., Syafruddin, S., Efrinaldi, E., Saputra, E., & Sari, D. P. (2021). Pengaruh Qirā’āt Terhadap Penafsiran Ayat Pemberian Mut’ah dalam Kitab Tafsir Al-Qurthubī. FOKUS Jurnal Kajian Keislaman dan Kemasyarakatan, 6(1), 59. https://doi.org/10.29240/jf.v6i1.2551
Rokhim Hasan, A. (2020). Qira’at Al-Qur’an dan Tafsirnya. Yayasa Alumni Perguruan Tinggi Ilmu Al-Qur’an.
Wardah, L. (2023). Makna Rih dan Riyah dalam Al-Qur’an. Al Tadabbur: Jurnal Ilmu Al-Qur’an dan Tafsir, 8(01). https://doi.org/10.30868/at.v8i01.4116
Zuhdi, A., Musafa’ah, S., Kholid, A., Khoiroh, M., & Rohman, A. (2021). Studi Al-Qur’an. Surabaya: UIN Sunan Ampel Press.