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Abstract
The history of the Quranic compilation (jam’ul Qur’an) is often understood merely chronologically as a record of early events, frequently overlooking the underlying methodological dimensions of its codification. This study aims to analyze and reconstruct the Quranic codification process as presented in Al-Mustashfa fi ‘Ulum Al-Qur’an by Salim Abu Ashi, covering the period from the Prophetic era to the Uthman ibn Affan era. Employing a qualitative approach and a literature review grounded in a constructivist-interpretative paradigm, the study finds the concepts found in Al-Mustasfa into updated methodological terms. The findings reveal that jam’ul Qur’an is rooted memorization and writing, formulated into seven methodological stages: transmission, preservation, documentation, verification, validation, standardization, and dissemination. During the era of Abu Bakr, these seven stages were operationalized through six methodological components: tawqifi arrangement, caution, dual-source verification, exclusion of existing written records, istislah and ijtihad, and competent selection, all integrated with the managerial functions of planning, organizing, directing, and controlling. This reconstruction presents the Quranic compilation process as one grounded in the principle of caution and the rigorous legal-methodological. The study offers a response to skeptical Orientalist critiques while paving the way for future research into the methodology of Qur’anic compilation.
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References
- Abu Ashi, M. S. (2021). Al-Mustashfa fi ‘Ulum al-Quran. Dar al-Kutub al-Mishriyyah.
- Al-Fikriah, H., & Himam, M. M. (2025). Reassessing Qur’anic Codification: A Critical Appraisal of Nicolai Sinai’s Methodology. Quranica, 17(2), 87–111. https://doi.org/10.22452/quranica.vol17no2.30
- Al-Qaththan, M. K. (2005). Pengantar Studi Al-Quran. Pustaka Al-Kautsar.
- Al-Suyuthi, J. al-Din. (2004). Al-Itqan Fi Ulum al-Qur’an (1st ed.). Dar Al-Kutub Al-Ilmiyah.
- Al-Zarkasyi, B. al-D. M. bin B. A. (1957). Al-Burhan fi ‘Ulum al-Quran. Dar Ihya al-Kutub al-Arabiyyah.
- Anshorudin, R. (2024). Management of the Khulafaur Rasyidin Organization in the Codification of the Quran. International Journal of Education Management and Religion, 1(2), 107–126. https://doi.org/10.71305/ijemr.v1i2.131
- Aspandi, A., & Sarkoni, M. (2022). Menelaah Ulang Kodifikasi Struktur Ayat dan Surah Al-Qur’an Rasm Uthmani. KACA (Karunia Cahaya Allah): Jurnal Dialogis Ilmu Ushuluddin, 12(1), 100–114. https://doi.org/10.36781/kaca.v12i1.203
- Babbie, E. (2013). The Practice of Social Research (13th ed.). Wadsworth Cengage Learning.
- Bangsawan, A., Masruchin, M., & Hendro, B. (2024). Otoritas Khalifah Utsman Dalam Pengumpulan Al-Qur’an. Ikhtisar: Jurnal Pengetahuan Islam, 4, 119. https://doi.org/10.55062/ijpi.v4i1.444
- Caronge, M. W., Abubakar, A., & Basri, H. (2025). Jam’ul Qur’an Pada Masa Nabi dan Para Sahabat Kajian Historis Tentang Proses Pengumpulan Beserta Autentisitasnya. 9. https://doi.org/10.46773/imtiyaz.v9i4.2866
- Creswell, J. W. (2007). Qualitative Inquiry & Research Design: Choosing Among Five Approaches. SAGE Publications Inc.
- Donner, F. M. (2007). The historical context. In The Cambridge Companion to the Qur’ān (1st ed., pp. 23–40). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CCOL0521831601.002
- Draz, M. A. (2011). Introduction to The Qur’an. I.B. Tauris.
- Famwanto, G., & Fahruddin, A. H. (2026). Sejarah Kodifikasi Al-Qur’an (Jam’ul Qur’an) dan Implementasinya dalam Budaya Kedisiplinan Akademik di Sekolah Raudlatul Muta’allimin Lamongan. Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat dan Riset Pendidikan, 4(3), 16283–16291. https://doi.org/10.31004/jerkin.v4i3.4780
- Fathurrofiq, F. (2020). Revalidasi Metodologi Zaid B Tsabit dalam Pemushafan Al-Qur’an. Al-I’jaz : Jurnal Studi Al-Qur’an, Falsafah dan Keislaman, 2(1), 23–41. https://doi.org/10.53563/ai.v2i1.20
- Ghazlan, A. W. (2017). Al-Bayan fi Mabahits Ulum al-Quran. Matba’ah Dar al-Ta’lif.
- Ilhamni, I. (2019). Pembukuan Al-Qur’an pada Masa Usman bin Affan. Jurnal Ulunnuha, 6(2), 130–142. https://doi.org/10.15548/ju.v6i2.596
- Inayatullah, A. A., & Safruroh. (2024). Kodifikasi Al-Qur’an: Studi Analisis Sejarah. Pelita: Jurnal Studi Islam Mahasiswa UII Dalwa, 2(November), 18–27. https://doi.org/10.38073/pelita.v2i1.1864
- Khairani, S., & Maulidya, A. (2024). Sejarah Pengumpulan Al-Qur’an. Jurnal Studi Ilmu Alquran Dan Tafsir, 1(2), 10. https://doi.org/10.47134/jsiat.v1i2.122
- Kharisma, S. N. L., & Rozaq, M. F. (2026). The Transmission Network of Qirā’āt Knowledge: The Genealogy of the Sanad of Arab-Indonesian Scholars and the Dominance of the Riwayat Hafs in National Standardization. Al-Fahmu: Jurnal Ilmu Al-Qur’an Dan Tafsir, 5(1), 460–472. https://doi.org/10.58363/alfahmu.v5i1.743
- Moleong, L. J. (2001). Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif. Remaja Rosdakarya.
- Prayitna, I. P. P., Berliana, A., Yanti, Y., & Widayati, R. (2024). Sejarah Kodifikasi Ilmu Qira’at dan Urgensinya Sebagai Warisan Bacaan Al-Qur’an Yang Mutawatir. Al-Fahmu: Jurnal Ilmu Al-Qur’an Dan Tafsir, 3(1), 73–85. https://doi.org/10.58363/alfahmu.v3i1.182
- Putri M, A. U. (2024). Jam’ al-Quran pada Masa Nabi Muhammad SAW dan Khulafaurasyidin. El-Mal: Jurnal Kajian Ekonomi & Bisnis Islam, 5(3), 1525–1539. https://doi.org/10.47467/elmal.v5i3.760
- Ramlah, Sapa, N., & Basri, H. (2025). Transformasi Al-Qur’an dari Tradisi Lisan ke Kodifikasi Mushaf: Kajian Filologis dan Historis. Al-I’jaz: Jurnal Studi Al-Qur’an, Falsafah Dan Keislaman, 7, 135–160. https://doi.org/10.53563/psjsza98
- Rippin, A. (2022). The Qur’an and its Interpretative Tradition (1st ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003278870
- Said, E. W. (2014). Orientalism (25. anniversary edition with a new preface by the author). Vintage Books Edition.
- Saraji, L., Miswar, A., & Daming K, H. M. (2025). Unification of the Ottoman Mushaf. Jurnal Kolaboratif Sains (JKS), 8(3). https://doi.org/10.56338/jks.v8i3.7208
- Shofiyah, E. M., Komarudin, A., & Saerozi, A. (2026). Antara Hafalan dan Tulisan: Menyingkap Mekanisme Penjagaan Teks Al-Qur’an dalam Sejarah Islam Awal: Between Memorization and Writing: Uncovering the Mechanisms of Care for Qur’an Text in Early Islamic History. Ulumul Qur’an: Jurnal Kajian Ilmu Al-Qur’an Dan Tafsir, 6(1), 119–131. https://doi.org/10.58404/uq.v6i1.729
- Sholikhah, L., Mardiati, & Rosyidah, L. (2020). Sejarah Kodifikasi al-Qur’an Mushaf Uthmani. Ta’wiluna: Jurnal Ilmu Al-Qur’an, Tafsir Dan Pemikiran Islam, 1, 64–82. https://doi.org/10.58401/takwiluna.v1i2.237
- Sinai, N. (2017). The Qur’an: A Historical-Critical Introduction. Edinburgh University Press.
- Ulum, M. M., Sumarna, C., & Djubaedi, D. (2025). Pedagogical Principles and Ethical Values in the Codification of the Qur’an: A Historical-Phenomenological Analysis. Al-Quds: Jurnal Studi Alquran Dan Hadis, (Vol. 9 No. 2 (2025)), 485–501. https://doi.org/10.29240/alquds.v9i2.12116
References
Abu Ashi, M. S. (2021). Al-Mustashfa fi ‘Ulum al-Quran. Dar al-Kutub al-Mishriyyah.
Al-Fikriah, H., & Himam, M. M. (2025). Reassessing Qur’anic Codification: A Critical Appraisal of Nicolai Sinai’s Methodology. Quranica, 17(2), 87–111. https://doi.org/10.22452/quranica.vol17no2.30
Al-Qaththan, M. K. (2005). Pengantar Studi Al-Quran. Pustaka Al-Kautsar.
Al-Suyuthi, J. al-Din. (2004). Al-Itqan Fi Ulum al-Qur’an (1st ed.). Dar Al-Kutub Al-Ilmiyah.
Al-Zarkasyi, B. al-D. M. bin B. A. (1957). Al-Burhan fi ‘Ulum al-Quran. Dar Ihya al-Kutub al-Arabiyyah.
Anshorudin, R. (2024). Management of the Khulafaur Rasyidin Organization in the Codification of the Quran. International Journal of Education Management and Religion, 1(2), 107–126. https://doi.org/10.71305/ijemr.v1i2.131
Aspandi, A., & Sarkoni, M. (2022). Menelaah Ulang Kodifikasi Struktur Ayat dan Surah Al-Qur’an Rasm Uthmani. KACA (Karunia Cahaya Allah): Jurnal Dialogis Ilmu Ushuluddin, 12(1), 100–114. https://doi.org/10.36781/kaca.v12i1.203
Babbie, E. (2013). The Practice of Social Research (13th ed.). Wadsworth Cengage Learning.
Bangsawan, A., Masruchin, M., & Hendro, B. (2024). Otoritas Khalifah Utsman Dalam Pengumpulan Al-Qur’an. Ikhtisar: Jurnal Pengetahuan Islam, 4, 119. https://doi.org/10.55062/ijpi.v4i1.444
Caronge, M. W., Abubakar, A., & Basri, H. (2025). Jam’ul Qur’an Pada Masa Nabi dan Para Sahabat Kajian Historis Tentang Proses Pengumpulan Beserta Autentisitasnya. 9. https://doi.org/10.46773/imtiyaz.v9i4.2866
Creswell, J. W. (2007). Qualitative Inquiry & Research Design: Choosing Among Five Approaches. SAGE Publications Inc.
Donner, F. M. (2007). The historical context. In The Cambridge Companion to the Qur’ān (1st ed., pp. 23–40). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CCOL0521831601.002
Draz, M. A. (2011). Introduction to The Qur’an. I.B. Tauris.
Famwanto, G., & Fahruddin, A. H. (2026). Sejarah Kodifikasi Al-Qur’an (Jam’ul Qur’an) dan Implementasinya dalam Budaya Kedisiplinan Akademik di Sekolah Raudlatul Muta’allimin Lamongan. Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat dan Riset Pendidikan, 4(3), 16283–16291. https://doi.org/10.31004/jerkin.v4i3.4780
Fathurrofiq, F. (2020). Revalidasi Metodologi Zaid B Tsabit dalam Pemushafan Al-Qur’an. Al-I’jaz : Jurnal Studi Al-Qur’an, Falsafah dan Keislaman, 2(1), 23–41. https://doi.org/10.53563/ai.v2i1.20
Ghazlan, A. W. (2017). Al-Bayan fi Mabahits Ulum al-Quran. Matba’ah Dar al-Ta’lif.
Ilhamni, I. (2019). Pembukuan Al-Qur’an pada Masa Usman bin Affan. Jurnal Ulunnuha, 6(2), 130–142. https://doi.org/10.15548/ju.v6i2.596
Inayatullah, A. A., & Safruroh. (2024). Kodifikasi Al-Qur’an: Studi Analisis Sejarah. Pelita: Jurnal Studi Islam Mahasiswa UII Dalwa, 2(November), 18–27. https://doi.org/10.38073/pelita.v2i1.1864
Khairani, S., & Maulidya, A. (2024). Sejarah Pengumpulan Al-Qur’an. Jurnal Studi Ilmu Alquran Dan Tafsir, 1(2), 10. https://doi.org/10.47134/jsiat.v1i2.122
Kharisma, S. N. L., & Rozaq, M. F. (2026). The Transmission Network of Qirā’āt Knowledge: The Genealogy of the Sanad of Arab-Indonesian Scholars and the Dominance of the Riwayat Hafs in National Standardization. Al-Fahmu: Jurnal Ilmu Al-Qur’an Dan Tafsir, 5(1), 460–472. https://doi.org/10.58363/alfahmu.v5i1.743
Moleong, L. J. (2001). Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif. Remaja Rosdakarya.
Prayitna, I. P. P., Berliana, A., Yanti, Y., & Widayati, R. (2024). Sejarah Kodifikasi Ilmu Qira’at dan Urgensinya Sebagai Warisan Bacaan Al-Qur’an Yang Mutawatir. Al-Fahmu: Jurnal Ilmu Al-Qur’an Dan Tafsir, 3(1), 73–85. https://doi.org/10.58363/alfahmu.v3i1.182
Putri M, A. U. (2024). Jam’ al-Quran pada Masa Nabi Muhammad SAW dan Khulafaurasyidin. El-Mal: Jurnal Kajian Ekonomi & Bisnis Islam, 5(3), 1525–1539. https://doi.org/10.47467/elmal.v5i3.760
Ramlah, Sapa, N., & Basri, H. (2025). Transformasi Al-Qur’an dari Tradisi Lisan ke Kodifikasi Mushaf: Kajian Filologis dan Historis. Al-I’jaz: Jurnal Studi Al-Qur’an, Falsafah Dan Keislaman, 7, 135–160. https://doi.org/10.53563/psjsza98
Rippin, A. (2022). The Qur’an and its Interpretative Tradition (1st ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003278870
Said, E. W. (2014). Orientalism (25. anniversary edition with a new preface by the author). Vintage Books Edition.
Saraji, L., Miswar, A., & Daming K, H. M. (2025). Unification of the Ottoman Mushaf. Jurnal Kolaboratif Sains (JKS), 8(3). https://doi.org/10.56338/jks.v8i3.7208
Shofiyah, E. M., Komarudin, A., & Saerozi, A. (2026). Antara Hafalan dan Tulisan: Menyingkap Mekanisme Penjagaan Teks Al-Qur’an dalam Sejarah Islam Awal: Between Memorization and Writing: Uncovering the Mechanisms of Care for Qur’an Text in Early Islamic History. Ulumul Qur’an: Jurnal Kajian Ilmu Al-Qur’an Dan Tafsir, 6(1), 119–131. https://doi.org/10.58404/uq.v6i1.729
Sholikhah, L., Mardiati, & Rosyidah, L. (2020). Sejarah Kodifikasi al-Qur’an Mushaf Uthmani. Ta’wiluna: Jurnal Ilmu Al-Qur’an, Tafsir Dan Pemikiran Islam, 1, 64–82. https://doi.org/10.58401/takwiluna.v1i2.237
Sinai, N. (2017). The Qur’an: A Historical-Critical Introduction. Edinburgh University Press.
Ulum, M. M., Sumarna, C., & Djubaedi, D. (2025). Pedagogical Principles and Ethical Values in the Codification of the Qur’an: A Historical-Phenomenological Analysis. Al-Quds: Jurnal Studi Alquran Dan Hadis, (Vol. 9 No. 2 (2025)), 485–501. https://doi.org/10.29240/alquds.v9i2.12116
