Main Article Content
Abstract
The proliferation of deepfake technology has blurred the distinction between authentic and fabricated information, creating ethical challenges in evaluating and disseminating digital content. This study examines the ethical principles of tabayyun in QS. Al-Hujurat [49]:6 and contextualizes them within the deepfake phenomenon through Fazlur Rahman’s Double Movement approach. Employing qualitative library research, the study analyzes Qur’anic exegesis, classical and contemporary literature, and scholarly studies on deepfakes, digital misinformation, and information verification. The analysis involves reconstructing the verse’s socio-moral context, identifying its underlying ethical principles, and contextualizing them within contemporary digital communication. The findings identify five interconnected dimensions of tabayyun: information verification, source-credibility assessment, caution in making consequential judgments, protection of potentially affected parties, and social responsibility in disseminating information. Through the Double Movement, these principles are reformulated as a framework for digital information ethics without equating deepfakes or artificial intelligence with Qur’anic categories such as fāsiq or naba’. The study proposes Digital Tabayyun as a contextual Qur’anic ethical framework for critically receiving, verifying, evaluating, and responsibly sharing digitally mediated information. It extends tabayyun beyond interpersonal communication to technologically mediated environments where visual and audio content can be synthetically produced and manipulated.
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References
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- Ibnu Katsir. (2000). Tafsir Al-Qur’an Al-Azim Jilid 13. Dar ’Alam Al-Kutub.
- Ibnu Manzur. (1997). Lisan Al-Arab. Dar Al-Ma’arif.
- Ibnu Manzur. (1998). Lisan Al-Arab. Dar Al-Ma’arif.
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- Meerangani, K. A., Mohd Nor, M. R., Abdul Hamid, M. F., Mohd Yusof, M. A., & Md Ariffin, M. F. (2025). Digital Tabayyun: Integrating The Quran And Artificial Intelligence In Filtering Social Media Information. International Journal Of Quranic Research, 17(2), 370–389. https://doi.org/10.22452/quranica.vol17no2.15
- Neuberger, C., Bartsch, A., Fröhlich, R., Hanitzsch, T., Reinemann, C., & Schindler, J. (2023). The Digital Transformation Of Knowledge Order: A Model For The Analysis of The Epistemic Crisis. Annals Of The International Communication Association, 47(2), 180–201. https://doi.org/10.1080/23808985.2023.2169950
- Nurdin, S. W., & Nugraha, I. F. (2025). Ancaman Deepfake Dan Disinformasi Berbasis Ai:Implikasi Terhadap Keamanan Siber Dan Stabilitasnasional Indonesia. JIMR: Journal Of International Multidisciplinary Research, 4(1), 73. https://doi.org/10.62668/jimr.v4i01.1551
- Octalia, E., & Librianti, I. (2025). Deepfake Dalam Komunikasi Politik : Tantangan Etika Dan Aspek Hukum Dalam Era Artificial Intelligence. 05(2), 222–238. https://doi.org/10.32332/siyasah.v4i1
- Putra, D. H. A., & Ayyaisy, H. I. (2025). Optimizing Digital Technology In Progressive Islamic Education To Enhance Public Literacy And Combat Hoaxes. Multicultural Islamic Education Review, 3(1), 63–74. https://doi.org/10.23917/mier.v3i1.9915
- Rahman, F. (1982). Islam & Modernity: Transformation Of An Intellectual Tradition. The University Of Chicago Press (Chicago & London).
- Ramadhany, N. F., Musthofa, T., & Maragustam, S. (2026). Tawhid As A Framework For Psychological Resilience in The Crisis of Meaning: A Double Movement Hermeneutic Study of Surah Al-Baqarah 2:38 And 2:286. Al-Fahmu: Jurnal Ilmu Al-Qur’an Dan Tafsir, 5(1), 321–335. https://doi.org/10.58363/alfahmu.v5i1.885
- Raquib, A., Channa, B., Zubair, T., & Qadir, J. (2022). Islamic Virtue ‑ Based Ethics For Artificial Intelligence. Discover Artificial Intelligence, June. https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-022-00028-2
- Sahebi, S., & Formosa, P. (2025). The AI-Mediated Communication Dilemma: Epistemic Trust, Social Media, And The Challenge of Generative Artificial Intelligence. Synthese, 205(3), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-025-04963-2
- Said, R. A. R., Halim, A., Saeed, A. G. R., & Darwis, M. (2026). Reframing MUI’s Hoax Fatwa. Parewa Saraq: Journal Of Islamic Law And Fatwa Review, 5(2), 166–187. https://doi.org/10.64016/parewasaraq.v5i2.100
- Samsir, S. (2024). Konsep Tabayyun Dalam Al-Quran Analisis Terhadap Fenomena Penyebaran Hoax Di Media Sosial. Tafasir: Journal Of Quranic Studies, 2(2), 96–111. https://doi.org/10.62376/tafasir.v2i2.41
- Sari, H. B., Ningsih, N. M. A. P. C., Kristina, N. M. Y., Rismayanti, N. P. I., Thalib, E. F., Meinarni, N. P. S., & Julianti, L. (2024). Digital Ethics And Citizenship Challenges In Cyberspace: An Overview From Perspective Morals And Laws. Notariil Jurnal Kenotariatan, 9(1), 33–39. https://doi.org/10.22225/jn.9.1.2024.33-39
- Shihab, M. Q. (2005). Tafsir Al-Misbah Volume 13. Lentera Hati.
- Sholihah, A., & Anwar Idris, M. (2023). Alfred Jules Ayer’s Logical Positivism: A Critical Examination And Its Relevance In Islamic Studies. Jaqfi: Jurnal Aqidah Dan Filsafat Islam, 8(2), 150–171. https://doi.org/10.15575/jaqfi.v8i2.11262
- Umair, M., & Said, H. A. (2023). Fazlur Rahman Dan Teori Double Movement: Definisi Dan Aplikasi. Al-Fahmu: Jurnal Ilmu Al-Qur’an Dan Tafsir, 2(1), 71–81. https://doi.org/10.58363/alfahmu.v2i1.26
- Vaccari, C., & Chadwick, A. (2020). Deepfakes And Disinformation: Exploring The Impact Of Synthetic Political Video On Deception, Uncertainty, And Trust In News. Social Media + Society, 6(1), 2–3. https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305120903408
- Wahbah, Z. (2003). At-Tafsir Al-Munir Jilid 13. Dar Al-Fikr.
References
Akhtar, J. (2026). Tabayyun And Qurʾānic Digital Ethics Against Misinformation And Hate Speech In Pakistan. Riphah Journal Of Islamic Thought And Civilization, 4(1), 27–52. https://doi.org/10.64768/rjitc.v4i1.2955
Aulia, Q. N., Al Ayubi, S., & Rosyadi, S. (2025). Critical Thinking Dalam Al-Qur’an: Studi Tafsir Tematik Dan Implementasinya di Era Digital. Al-Fahmu: Jurnal Ilmu Al-Qur’an dan Tafsir, 4(1), 131–149. https://doi.org/10.58363/alfahmu.v4i1.473
Al-Qurthubi. (2006). Al-Jami’ Al-Ahkam Al-Qur’an Jilid 19. Al-Resalah.
Al-Faqiha, M. H., & Azzahra, F. (2026). Peran Tabayyun Dalam Islam Untuk Mengatasi Hoax dan Misinformasi di Media Sosial. Akhlak: Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Islam dan Filsafat, 3(2), 122–133. https://doi.org/10.61132/akhlak.v3i2.2159
Ath-Thabari. (2001). Jam’u Al-Bayan ’An Ta’wil Al-Qur’an Jilid 21. Dar Al-Hijr.
Badruddin. (2025). Formulasi Tabayyanu: Strategi Cepat Guna Dalam Menyikapi Informasi di Era Transformasi Digital. AT-TAKLIM: Jurnal Pendidikan Multidisiplin, 1(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.71282/at-taklim.v1i1.2
Bakar, A. Y. A., Fazial, F., Abdullah, S. R., Taher, N. H. M., Kasim, N. H., & Hamid, M. S. A. (2024). The Concept of Tabayyun in Dissemination of Information Through Mass Media. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 14(1), 2630–2642. http://dx.doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v14-i1/20693
Devi, B. T., & Rajasekaran, R. (2026). Deepfake Technology: A Comprehensive Review Of Trends, Applications, Ethical Concerns, And Challenges. Journal Of Computer Science, 22(1), 334–359. https://doi.org/10.3844/jcssp.2026.334.359
Edgerly, S., Mourão, R. R., Thorson, E., & Tham, S. M. (2020). When Do Audiences Verify? How Perceptions About Message and Source Influence Audience Verification of News Headlines. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 97(1), 52–71. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077699019864680
Fazlur, R. (1982). Islam And Modernity. The University of Chicago Press.
Hamid, N. A., Abdur, R., Romadhon, M., Nurmiah, N., & Husna, A. A. (2025). Analisis Hermeneutika Abdullah Saeed Dalam Qs. Al-Hujurat [49]: 6 (Kewajiban Mencari Kebenaran Berita). Al-Afham: Journal Of Islamic Studies, 2(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.62509/ajis.v2i1.275
Ibnu Katsir. (2000). Tafsir Al-Qur’an Al-Azim Jilid 13. Dar ’Alam Al-Kutub.
Ibnu Manzur. (1997). Lisan Al-Arab. Dar Al-Ma’arif.
Ibnu Manzur. (1998). Lisan Al-Arab. Dar Al-Ma’arif.
Istiqomah, S. N., Amin, M. N., & Ikhwanudin, M. (2025). Penafsiran Terhadap Surah Al-Hujurat Ayat 6 Dan An-Nur Ayat 15 Tentang Isu Hoax Perspektif Pendekatan Maqashidi. Lathaif: Literasi Tafsir, Hadis Dan Filologi, 4(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.31958/lathaif.v4i1.15370
Kholifah, S. N. (2025). Qur’anic Interpretation of Hoax News: A Sociohistorical Approach And Its Relevance in The Digital Era. ALSYS, 5(6), 2016–2032. https://doi.org/10.58578/alsys.v5i6.7642
Madhav, R. (2024). Understanding Deepfake Technology: Implications, Challenges And Case Studies. Interantional Journal Of Scientific Research In Engineering And Management, 08(05), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem33508
Maimanah, M., Nurdiani, N., & Suardi, I. (2025). Konsep Tabayyun Dalam Konteks Media Sosial (Analisis Ayat Ayat Verifikasi Informasi Menurut Wahbah Az-Zuhayli Dalam Tafsir Al-Munir). MUDABBIR Journal Research And Education Studies, 5(2), 878–884. https://doi.org/10.56832/mudabbir.v5i2.1267
Martí-Danés, A., Besalú, R., Pont-Sorribes, C., & Gómez-Puertas, L. (2024). Analysis Of News Credibility In The Digital Press. Source Types Have A Limited Effect, While Age, Gender, And Education Are Differential Factors. Journalism, 25(12), 2582–2603. https://doi.org/10.1177/14648849231215190
Meerangani, K. A., Mohd Nor, M. R., Abdul Hamid, M. F., Mohd Yusof, M. A., & Md Ariffin, M. F. (2025). Digital Tabayyun: Integrating The Quran And Artificial Intelligence In Filtering Social Media Information. International Journal Of Quranic Research, 17(2), 370–389. https://doi.org/10.22452/quranica.vol17no2.15
Neuberger, C., Bartsch, A., Fröhlich, R., Hanitzsch, T., Reinemann, C., & Schindler, J. (2023). The Digital Transformation Of Knowledge Order: A Model For The Analysis of The Epistemic Crisis. Annals Of The International Communication Association, 47(2), 180–201. https://doi.org/10.1080/23808985.2023.2169950
Nurdin, S. W., & Nugraha, I. F. (2025). Ancaman Deepfake Dan Disinformasi Berbasis Ai:Implikasi Terhadap Keamanan Siber Dan Stabilitasnasional Indonesia. JIMR: Journal Of International Multidisciplinary Research, 4(1), 73. https://doi.org/10.62668/jimr.v4i01.1551
Octalia, E., & Librianti, I. (2025). Deepfake Dalam Komunikasi Politik : Tantangan Etika Dan Aspek Hukum Dalam Era Artificial Intelligence. 05(2), 222–238. https://doi.org/10.32332/siyasah.v4i1
Putra, D. H. A., & Ayyaisy, H. I. (2025). Optimizing Digital Technology In Progressive Islamic Education To Enhance Public Literacy And Combat Hoaxes. Multicultural Islamic Education Review, 3(1), 63–74. https://doi.org/10.23917/mier.v3i1.9915
Rahman, F. (1982). Islam & Modernity: Transformation Of An Intellectual Tradition. The University Of Chicago Press (Chicago & London).
Ramadhany, N. F., Musthofa, T., & Maragustam, S. (2026). Tawhid As A Framework For Psychological Resilience in The Crisis of Meaning: A Double Movement Hermeneutic Study of Surah Al-Baqarah 2:38 And 2:286. Al-Fahmu: Jurnal Ilmu Al-Qur’an Dan Tafsir, 5(1), 321–335. https://doi.org/10.58363/alfahmu.v5i1.885
Raquib, A., Channa, B., Zubair, T., & Qadir, J. (2022). Islamic Virtue ‑ Based Ethics For Artificial Intelligence. Discover Artificial Intelligence, June. https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-022-00028-2
Sahebi, S., & Formosa, P. (2025). The AI-Mediated Communication Dilemma: Epistemic Trust, Social Media, And The Challenge of Generative Artificial Intelligence. Synthese, 205(3), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-025-04963-2
Said, R. A. R., Halim, A., Saeed, A. G. R., & Darwis, M. (2026). Reframing MUI’s Hoax Fatwa. Parewa Saraq: Journal Of Islamic Law And Fatwa Review, 5(2), 166–187. https://doi.org/10.64016/parewasaraq.v5i2.100
Samsir, S. (2024). Konsep Tabayyun Dalam Al-Quran Analisis Terhadap Fenomena Penyebaran Hoax Di Media Sosial. Tafasir: Journal Of Quranic Studies, 2(2), 96–111. https://doi.org/10.62376/tafasir.v2i2.41
Sari, H. B., Ningsih, N. M. A. P. C., Kristina, N. M. Y., Rismayanti, N. P. I., Thalib, E. F., Meinarni, N. P. S., & Julianti, L. (2024). Digital Ethics And Citizenship Challenges In Cyberspace: An Overview From Perspective Morals And Laws. Notariil Jurnal Kenotariatan, 9(1), 33–39. https://doi.org/10.22225/jn.9.1.2024.33-39
Shihab, M. Q. (2005). Tafsir Al-Misbah Volume 13. Lentera Hati.
Sholihah, A., & Anwar Idris, M. (2023). Alfred Jules Ayer’s Logical Positivism: A Critical Examination And Its Relevance In Islamic Studies. Jaqfi: Jurnal Aqidah Dan Filsafat Islam, 8(2), 150–171. https://doi.org/10.15575/jaqfi.v8i2.11262
Umair, M., & Said, H. A. (2023). Fazlur Rahman Dan Teori Double Movement: Definisi Dan Aplikasi. Al-Fahmu: Jurnal Ilmu Al-Qur’an Dan Tafsir, 2(1), 71–81. https://doi.org/10.58363/alfahmu.v2i1.26
Vaccari, C., & Chadwick, A. (2020). Deepfakes And Disinformation: Exploring The Impact Of Synthetic Political Video On Deception, Uncertainty, And Trust In News. Social Media + Society, 6(1), 2–3. https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305120903408
Wahbah, Z. (2003). At-Tafsir Al-Munir Jilid 13. Dar Al-Fikr.
