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Abstract
The Qur’an was revealed in the midst of an Arab society with its own culture and language. The heterogeneous conditions of the society cause linguistic differences and dialectics. The problem that arises is the differentiation of abilities between individuals and groups related to language, especially Fusha Arabic. For this reason, the Prophet said, “Verily, the Qur’an was revealed with seven letters, so read the easiest”. One view of the meaning of the Hadith is that the Qur’an was revealed with seven languages and dialectical varieties. This research uses a qualitative method with the type of revelation text study included in the literature study. The result of the research is that qira’at began to be organized into a discipline by Abu Ubaid al-Qasim by compiling the work of the book of qira’at, which collected twenty-five qira’at. The differences in qira'at are divided into two, namely uhsuliyah rules; standardized rules in the reading of each Imam and farsy al-huruf; differences in typical readings that exist in each Imam and narrator. The difference in qira’at in farsy al-huruf mostly gives implications in interpretation. Suggestions for future research can examine aspects of qira’at in more depth through historical aspects and implications of interpretation.
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References
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References
‘Itr, N. A.-D. (1993). Ulum Al-Qur’an Al-Karim. Damaskus: Mathba’ah Al-Shabah.
Al-‘Ainiy, B. A.-D. (N.D.). ‘Umdah Al-Qari. Beirut: Dar Ihya’ Al-Turats Al-Arabi.
Al-‘Asqalani, I. H. (1379 H). Fath Al-Bari. Beirut: Dar Al-Ma’rifah.
Al-Baghdadi, A. B. (1400 H). Kitab Al-Sab’ah Fi Al-Qira’at. Mesir: Dar Al-Ma’arif.
Al-Baidhawi, N. A.-D. (1418 H). Anwar Al-Tanzil Wa Asrar Al-Ta’wil. Beirut: Dar Ihya Al-Turats.
Al-Banna, A. B. (1987). Muntaha’ Al-Amani Al-Musarrat Fi Ulum Al-Qira’at. Beirut: ‘Alam Al-Kutub.
Al-Bantani, M. B. (1417 H). Marah Labid Li Kasyf Al-Ma’na Al-Qur’an Al-Majid. Beirut: Dar Al-Kutub Al-Ilmiyah.
Al-Bukhari, M. B. (1993). Shahih Al-Bukhari. Damaskus: Dar Ibn Katsir.
Al-Dani, A. ‘. (2010). Al-Taisir Fi Al-Qiraat Al-Sab’. Dar Al-Andalusi.
Al-Dzahabi, M. B. (1997). Ma’rifah Al-Qurra’ Al-Kibar ‘Ala Thabaqat Wa Al-A’shar. Dar Al-Kutub Al-Ilmiyah.
Al-Dzahabi, M. B. (N.D.). Siyar A’lam Al-Nubala’. 1985: Mu’assasah Al-Risalah.
Al-Fadli, A. H. (2009). Al-Qira’at Al-Quraniyyah Tarikh Wa Ta'rif . Beirut: Markaz Al-Ghadir.
Al-Ishfahani, A.-R. (1412 H). Al-Mufradat Fi Gharib Al-Qur’an. Damaskus: Dar Al-Qolam.
Al-Jazari, I. (1351 H). Ghayah Al-Nihayah Fi Thabaqat Al-Qurra’. Maktabah Ibn Taimiyah.
Al-Qadhi, A. A.-F. (1981). Al-Budur Al-Zahirah Fi Al-Qiraat Al-Asyr Al-Mutawatirah. Min Thariqay Al-Syathibiyyah Wa Al-Durrah. Lebanon: Dar Al-Kutub Al-‘Arabi.
Al-Qadhi, A. A.-F. (2002). Tarikh Al-Qurra’ Al-Asyrah Wa Ruwwatuhum Wa Tawatur Qiraatihim Wa Manhaj Kull Fi Al-Qira’ah Min Thariq Al-Syathibiyyah Wa Al-Durrah Li Al-Imam Al-Syathibi Wa Ibn Al-Jazari. Mesir: Al-Maktabah Al-Azhariyah Li Al-Turats.
Al-Qathan, M. (1991). Nuzul Al-Qur’an ‘Ala Sab’ah Ahruf. Kairo: Maktabah Wahbah.
Al-Qathan, M. (2000). Mabahits Fi ‘Ulum Al-Qur’an. Maktabah Al-Ma’arif.
Al-Qusthulani. (1323 H). Irsyad Al-Sari Li Syarh Shahih Al-Bukhari. Mesir: Al-Mathba’ah Al-Kubra Al-Amiriyah.
Al-Sanadi, A. A.-Q. (1415 H). Shafahat Fi ‘Ulum Al-Qiraat. Al-Maktabah Al-Amdadiyah.
Al-Thawil, A.-S. R. (1985). Madkhal Fi ‘Ulum Al-Qiraat. Al-Maktabah Al-Faishaliyah.
Al-Tirmidzi. (1975). Sunan Al-Tirmidzi. Mesir: Maktabah Al-Musthafa Al-Babi Al-Halabi.
Ath-Thawil, A.-S. R. (1985). Fi Ulum Al-Qiraat (Madkhal Wa Dirasatan Wa Tahqiq). Makkah: Maktabah Al-Faishaliyyah.
Az-Zarkasyi, I. B.-D. (N.D.). Al-Burhan Fi Ulum Al-Quran. Mesir: Isa Al-Babi Al-Halabi.
Badzisy, I. (N.D.). L-Iqna’ Fi Al-Qiraat Al-Sab’. Dar Al-Shahabah Li Al-Turats.
Ibrahim Anis, D. (N.D.). Mu’jam Al-Wasith. Kairo: Majma’ Al-Buhuts.
Ismail, S. M. (N.D.). Al-Qira’at Ahkamuha Wa Mashdaruha. Beirut: Dar Al-’Ilm.
Katsir, I. (1419 H). Tafsir Al-Qur’an Al-Azhim. Beirut: Dar Al-Kutub Al-Ilmiyah.
Layyin, M. S. (2002). Fath Al-Mun’im Syarh Sahih Muslim. Dar Al-Syuruq.
Manshur, M. K. (2001). Muqaddimat Fi Ulum Al-Qiraat. Oman: Dar Ammar.
Mujahid, I. (N.D.). Al-Sab’ah Fi Al-Qira’at. Mesir: Dar Al-Ma’arif.
Nasution, M. R. (2019). Qira’at Sab’ah Khazanah Bacaan Al-Qur’an Teori Dan Praktik. Medan: Perdana Publishing.
Salim, M. (2022). Ilmu Qira’at Tujuh. Jakarta: Yayasan Tadris Al-Qur’ani YATAQI.
Syaibah, I. A. (1997). Musnad Ibn Abi Syaibah. Riyadh: Dar Al-Wathan.