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Abstract

The principle of an tarāḍin (mutual consent) constitutes one of the central ethical and legal foundations of commercial transactions in Islamic law. While Qur'an Surah An-Nisāʾ [4]:29 is frequently cited as the primary textual basis for consensual exchange, existing discussions tend to emphasize its legal permissibility rather than its broader ethical implications for contractual legitimacy. This article examines the concept of an tarāḍin through a thematic Qur'anic interpretation (tafsīr mawḍūʿī) based on Abdul Hayy al-Farmawi's methodological framework. The study employs qualitative library research by analyzing Qur'anic verses, classical and contemporary tafsir literature, and relevant Prophetic traditions concerning consent and commercial contracts. The analysis shows that an tarāḍin functions not merely as voluntary agreement between contracting parties but as a normative principle that integrates informed consent, honesty, fairness, and the protection of property rights within Islamic commercial ethics. The study further argues that practices involving coercion (ikrah), material deception (tadlīs), and excessive contractual uncertainty (gharar fāḥish) compromise the realization of genuine mutual consent and consequently affect the legal validity or enforceability of transactions in Islamic jurisprudence. Conversely, mechanisms such as musāwamah (price negotiation) and khiyār (contractual option) serve as juridical instruments for safeguarding authentic consent in market exchanges. This study contributes to Qur'anic scholarship by positioning an tarāḍin as an integrated ethical-legal framework for evaluating commercial transactions within contemporary Islamic economic discourse.

Keywords

An Tarāḍin Islamic Commercial Ethics Contractual Consent Qur'an 4:29

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Mualim, M., Pathonih, A., Kamal, A. M., & Syahida, R. M. (2026). An Tarādin as an Ethical-Legal Principle of Contractual Consent: A Thematic Interpretation of Qur’an 4:29. Al-Fahmu: Jurnal Ilmu Al-Qur’an Dan Tafsir, 5(2), 562–576. https://doi.org/10.58363/alfahmu.v5i2.797
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