Main Article Content
Abstract
The interpretation of the death and ascension of Prophet Isa in the Qur’an remains a debated issue in Islamic exegesis, particularly regarding the meaning of tawaffā and the role of transmitted and rational sources in interpretation. Differences in exegetical approaches among classical scholars highlight the need for a critical and comparative analysis of their interpretive methods and sources. This study aims to analyze Qur’anic verses related to the death and ascension of Prophet Isa and to compare the interpretive approaches of al-Ṭabarī and al-Ālūsī. The research employs a qualitative library approach using thematic analysis and content analysis. It also applies sanad criticism within the framework of al-dakhīl fī al-tafsīr to evaluate the validity of transmitted reports. The findings show that the relevant verses include Q. 3:55, Q. 4:157–158, Q. 5:117, and Q. 19:33. The sources of interpretation in both tafsīr works consist of tafsīr bi al-ma’thūr, tafsīr bi al-ra’y, and isrā’īliyyāt. Both al-Ṭabarī and al-Ālūsī interpret tawaffā as the taking of Prophet Isa from the earth and his ascension to heaven. However, they differ methodologically: al-Ṭabarī strengthens his interpretations through Qur’anic cross-references, hadith, and companions’ opinions, while al-Ālūsī emphasizes linguistic and rational analysis. The study also finds that the isrā’īliyyāt narrations used are considered acceptable insofar as they align with Islamic teachings. This study contributes to understanding the diversity of classical tafsīr methodologies and highlights how different epistemological approaches shape interpretations of key theological issues.
Keywords
Article Details

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
References
- Al-Alusi, A. F. S. al-Din. (1990a). Ruh al-Ma’ani Fi Tafsir Al-Qur’an al-’Azim Wa al-Sab’u al-Masani (Vol. 2). Dar al-Kutub al-’Ilmiyah.
- Al-Alusi, A. F. S. al-Din. (1990b). Ruh al-Ma’ani Fi Tafsir Al-Qur’an al-’Azim Wa al-Sab’u al-Masani (Vol. 3). Dar al-Kutub al-’Ilmiyah.
- Al-Alusi, A. F. S. al-Din. (1990c). Ruh al-Ma’ani Fi Tafsir Al-Qur’an al-’Azim Wa al-Sab’u al-Masani (Vol. 8). Dar al-Kutub al-’Ilmiyah.
- Al-Dimasyqi, I. al-D. A. al-F. I. I. ‘Umar I. K. (2017). Tafsir al-Qur’an al-’Adzim (4th ed., Vol. 2). Dar al-Kutub al-’Ilmiyah.
- Al-Mandhur, I. (1998). Lisan al-Arabi (Vol. 1). Daar al-Ma’arif.
- Al-Tabari, I. J. (2001a). Jāmi’ al-Bayān ‘An Ta’wĭl Āy al-Qur’ān (Vol. 5). Badar Hajr.
- Al-Tabari, I. J. (2001b). Jāmi’ al-Bayān ‘An Ta’wĭl Āy al-Qur’ān (Vol. 9). Badar Hajr.
- Al-Zuhainy, M. bin A. (2002). ‘Asar al-Dilalat al-Lugawiyyah fi al-Tafsir ‘Inda Ibn ‘Ᾱsyūr. Muasash al-Rayyan.
- Al-Munawwir, A. W. (1997). Al-Munawwir: Kamus Terlengkap Arab-Indonesia. Pustaka Pelajar.
- Al-Zuhaili, W. (2003). Tafsir al-Munir Fi al-’Aqidah Wa as-Syari’ah wa al-Manhaj (Vol. 9). Dar al-Fikr.
- Anwar, R. (1999). Melacak Unsur-Unsur Israiliyyat Dalam Tafsir at-Thabari Dan Tafsir Ibnu Katsir. Pustaka Setia.
- Armstrong, K. (2012). Sejarah Tuhan. Mizan Pustaka.
- Arni, J. (2013). Metode Penelitian Tafsir. Daulat Pusaka Riau.
- ‘Asyur, M. al-T. bin M. bin M. al-T. I. (1984). Tafsir al-Tahrir wa al-Tanwir (Vol. 7). Dar al-Tunisia Li al-Nashri.
- Bukhari(al), A. ‘Abdullah I. I. (2002). Al-Jāmi’ al-Ṣaḥĭḥ al-Musnad Min Ḥadĭṡ Rasūlillāh Ṣallallāhu ‘alaihi wa Sallam wa Sunanihi wa Ayyāmihi. Dar Ibn Kathir.
- Dimasqĭ(al), ‘Imād al-Dĭn Abu Fidā’ Ismā’il bin Kaṡĭr al-Quraisyĭ. (2013). Kisah Para Nabi ( Kisah 31 Nabi dari Adam Hingga Isa ) (U. Mujtahid, Trans.). Ummul Qura.
- Dzahabi(al), M. H. (2015). Al-Tafsir wa al-Mufassirun. Dar al-Qalam.
- Fadhilah, M. A. (2021). Komparatif Kisah Nabi Isa Dalam Al-Qur’an Dan Injil. 7(2). http://dx.doi.org/10.30821/al-i'jaz.v7i2.23462
- Fiqih Kurniawan. (2023). Isa Al-Masih dalam al-Qur’an (Studi Komparatif Interpretasi Syaikh Nawawi al-Jawi dan Karel Steenbrink). Al-Fahmu: Jurnal Ilmu Al-Qur’an dan Tafsir, 2(2), 186–201. https://doi.org/10.58363/alfahmu.v2i2.85
- Hanbal, A. I. (1995). Musnad al-Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal (Vol. 3). Muassasah ar-Risalah.
- Homalilo, J. I., & Al-’Anazy, S. ibn Z. ibn S. (2025). The Prophecy of Isa ‘Alayhissalām from Surah Maryam and the Gospel and the Causes of Christian Heresy. ZadAr-Rasikhin, 1. https://doi.org/10.55759/zadarrasikhin.v1i1.3
- Rahmawati, Y., & Rusmana, D. (2013). Metodologi Tafsir Al-Qur’an: Strukturalisme, Semiotik, Semantik, dan Hermeneutik. Pustaka Setia.
- RI, D. A. (2012). Al-Qur’an dan Terjemah. Sukses Publishing.
- Sa’adah, H., & Rohtih, W. A. (2019). Stilistika Kisah Nabi Isa Diangkat Ke Langit Dalam Al-Qur’an. 4. https://jurnal.yudharta.ac.id/v2/index.php/mafhum/article/view/4455
- Syaadah, R. T., & Azhari, I. (2026). Empowered Maryam Bint ‘Imrān: An Intertextual Study of the Qur’an and the Bible. Al-Fahmu: Jurnal Ilmu Al-Qur’an Dan Tafsir, 5(1), 237–249. https://doi.org/10.58363/alfahmu.v5i1.557
- Saefullah, M. I., Wirajaya, A. Y., De Jesus, I. D. C., & Ahmad, W. (2024). Islamic Values and Morality in The Hikayat Nabi Isa Manuscript: A Textual Study. Analisa: Journal of Social Science and Religion, 9(1), 39–56. https://doi.org/10.18784/analisa.v9i1.2107
- Sari, P. D., Masykuroh, S., & Hendro, B. (2024). Analisis Kisah Isrā’īliyāt Tentang Penyaliban Nabi Isa AS dalam Al-Qur’an Surah An-Nisa: 157-158. Jurnal Al-Dzikra. http://dx.doi.org/10.29300/jpkth.v13i2.5118
- Simamora, P. A., & Syahrin, H. (2025). Implikasi Sikap Memaafkan Terhadap Kualitas Manusia: Studi Tafsir Al-Alusi terhadap Mahasiswa dan Masyarakat Muslim di Kota Medan. Al-Fahmu: Jurnal Ilmu Al-Qur’an Dan Tafsir, 4(1), 185–203. https://doi.org/10.58363/alfahmu.v4i1.521
- Shihab, M. Q. (2024). Kisah-Kisah dalam Al-Qur’an: Makna dan Hikmah. Lentera Hati.
- Steenbrink, K. (2015). Nabi Isa Dalam al-Qur’an ( Sebuah Interpretasi Outsider atas al-Qur’an ) (S. Syamsuddin & F. Y. Iwanebel, Trans.). Suka Press.
- Ṭabarĭ(al), A. J. M. I. J. (2001). Jāmi’ al-Bayān ‘An Ta’wĭl Āy al-Qur’ān (Vol. 7). Badar Hajr.
- Ulinnuha, M. (2019). Metode Kritik al-Dakhil fi al-Tafsir. QAF.
- Yarni, M., & Ridha, M. (2022). Nilai Dalam Kisah Alqur’an. MUSHAF JOURNAL: Jurnal Ilmu Al Qur’an dan Hadis, 2(2), 124–133. https://doi.org/10.54443/mushaf.v2i2.26
References
Al-Alusi, A. F. S. al-Din. (1990a). Ruh al-Ma’ani Fi Tafsir Al-Qur’an al-’Azim Wa al-Sab’u al-Masani (Vol. 2). Dar al-Kutub al-’Ilmiyah.
Al-Alusi, A. F. S. al-Din. (1990b). Ruh al-Ma’ani Fi Tafsir Al-Qur’an al-’Azim Wa al-Sab’u al-Masani (Vol. 3). Dar al-Kutub al-’Ilmiyah.
Al-Alusi, A. F. S. al-Din. (1990c). Ruh al-Ma’ani Fi Tafsir Al-Qur’an al-’Azim Wa al-Sab’u al-Masani (Vol. 8). Dar al-Kutub al-’Ilmiyah.
Al-Dimasyqi, I. al-D. A. al-F. I. I. ‘Umar I. K. (2017). Tafsir al-Qur’an al-’Adzim (4th ed., Vol. 2). Dar al-Kutub al-’Ilmiyah.
Al-Mandhur, I. (1998). Lisan al-Arabi (Vol. 1). Daar al-Ma’arif.
Al-Tabari, I. J. (2001a). Jāmi’ al-Bayān ‘An Ta’wĭl Āy al-Qur’ān (Vol. 5). Badar Hajr.
Al-Tabari, I. J. (2001b). Jāmi’ al-Bayān ‘An Ta’wĭl Āy al-Qur’ān (Vol. 9). Badar Hajr.
Al-Zuhainy, M. bin A. (2002). ‘Asar al-Dilalat al-Lugawiyyah fi al-Tafsir ‘Inda Ibn ‘Ᾱsyūr. Muasash al-Rayyan.
Al-Munawwir, A. W. (1997). Al-Munawwir: Kamus Terlengkap Arab-Indonesia. Pustaka Pelajar.
Al-Zuhaili, W. (2003). Tafsir al-Munir Fi al-’Aqidah Wa as-Syari’ah wa al-Manhaj (Vol. 9). Dar al-Fikr.
Anwar, R. (1999). Melacak Unsur-Unsur Israiliyyat Dalam Tafsir at-Thabari Dan Tafsir Ibnu Katsir. Pustaka Setia.
Armstrong, K. (2012). Sejarah Tuhan. Mizan Pustaka.
Arni, J. (2013). Metode Penelitian Tafsir. Daulat Pusaka Riau.
‘Asyur, M. al-T. bin M. bin M. al-T. I. (1984). Tafsir al-Tahrir wa al-Tanwir (Vol. 7). Dar al-Tunisia Li al-Nashri.
Bukhari(al), A. ‘Abdullah I. I. (2002). Al-Jāmi’ al-Ṣaḥĭḥ al-Musnad Min Ḥadĭṡ Rasūlillāh Ṣallallāhu ‘alaihi wa Sallam wa Sunanihi wa Ayyāmihi. Dar Ibn Kathir.
Dimasqĭ(al), ‘Imād al-Dĭn Abu Fidā’ Ismā’il bin Kaṡĭr al-Quraisyĭ. (2013). Kisah Para Nabi ( Kisah 31 Nabi dari Adam Hingga Isa ) (U. Mujtahid, Trans.). Ummul Qura.
Dzahabi(al), M. H. (2015). Al-Tafsir wa al-Mufassirun. Dar al-Qalam.
Fadhilah, M. A. (2021). Komparatif Kisah Nabi Isa Dalam Al-Qur’an Dan Injil. 7(2). http://dx.doi.org/10.30821/al-i'jaz.v7i2.23462
Fiqih Kurniawan. (2023). Isa Al-Masih dalam al-Qur’an (Studi Komparatif Interpretasi Syaikh Nawawi al-Jawi dan Karel Steenbrink). Al-Fahmu: Jurnal Ilmu Al-Qur’an dan Tafsir, 2(2), 186–201. https://doi.org/10.58363/alfahmu.v2i2.85
Hanbal, A. I. (1995). Musnad al-Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal (Vol. 3). Muassasah ar-Risalah.
Homalilo, J. I., & Al-’Anazy, S. ibn Z. ibn S. (2025). The Prophecy of Isa ‘Alayhissalām from Surah Maryam and the Gospel and the Causes of Christian Heresy. ZadAr-Rasikhin, 1. https://doi.org/10.55759/zadarrasikhin.v1i1.3
Rahmawati, Y., & Rusmana, D. (2013). Metodologi Tafsir Al-Qur’an: Strukturalisme, Semiotik, Semantik, dan Hermeneutik. Pustaka Setia.
RI, D. A. (2012). Al-Qur’an dan Terjemah. Sukses Publishing.
Sa’adah, H., & Rohtih, W. A. (2019). Stilistika Kisah Nabi Isa Diangkat Ke Langit Dalam Al-Qur’an. 4. https://jurnal.yudharta.ac.id/v2/index.php/mafhum/article/view/4455
Syaadah, R. T., & Azhari, I. (2026). Empowered Maryam Bint ‘Imrān: An Intertextual Study of the Qur’an and the Bible. Al-Fahmu: Jurnal Ilmu Al-Qur’an Dan Tafsir, 5(1), 237–249. https://doi.org/10.58363/alfahmu.v5i1.557
Saefullah, M. I., Wirajaya, A. Y., De Jesus, I. D. C., & Ahmad, W. (2024). Islamic Values and Morality in The Hikayat Nabi Isa Manuscript: A Textual Study. Analisa: Journal of Social Science and Religion, 9(1), 39–56. https://doi.org/10.18784/analisa.v9i1.2107
Sari, P. D., Masykuroh, S., & Hendro, B. (2024). Analisis Kisah Isrā’īliyāt Tentang Penyaliban Nabi Isa AS dalam Al-Qur’an Surah An-Nisa: 157-158. Jurnal Al-Dzikra. http://dx.doi.org/10.29300/jpkth.v13i2.5118
Simamora, P. A., & Syahrin, H. (2025). Implikasi Sikap Memaafkan Terhadap Kualitas Manusia: Studi Tafsir Al-Alusi terhadap Mahasiswa dan Masyarakat Muslim di Kota Medan. Al-Fahmu: Jurnal Ilmu Al-Qur’an Dan Tafsir, 4(1), 185–203. https://doi.org/10.58363/alfahmu.v4i1.521
Shihab, M. Q. (2024). Kisah-Kisah dalam Al-Qur’an: Makna dan Hikmah. Lentera Hati.
Steenbrink, K. (2015). Nabi Isa Dalam al-Qur’an ( Sebuah Interpretasi Outsider atas al-Qur’an ) (S. Syamsuddin & F. Y. Iwanebel, Trans.). Suka Press.
Ṭabarĭ(al), A. J. M. I. J. (2001). Jāmi’ al-Bayān ‘An Ta’wĭl Āy al-Qur’ān (Vol. 7). Badar Hajr.
Ulinnuha, M. (2019). Metode Kritik al-Dakhil fi al-Tafsir. QAF.
Yarni, M., & Ridha, M. (2022). Nilai Dalam Kisah Alqur’an. MUSHAF JOURNAL: Jurnal Ilmu Al Qur’an dan Hadis, 2(2), 124–133. https://doi.org/10.54443/mushaf.v2i2.26
