Empirisme Dalam Tradisi Islam: Integrasi Akal, Wahyu, dan Pengalaman

Abstract

Empiricism is one of the major schools of epistemology that regards experience and sensory perception as important sources of knowledge. In the Islamic tradition, empirical experience is not considered the sole source of knowledge but is integrated with reason and revelation. This article aims to analyze the concept of empiricism in the Islamic tradition, the ideas of Muslim scholars who demonstrate empirical tendencies, and the integration of reason, revelation, and experience within Islamic epistemology. This article employs a literature review approach by examining various sources addressing empiricism, Islamic epistemology, and the thoughts of Muslim scientists and philosophers. The findings indicate that the empirical tradition in Islam provides an important place for observation, sensory experience, experimentation, and inductive reasoning in the acquisition of knowledge. The ideas of Ibn Taymiyyah, Ibn Sina, and Ibn al-Haytham demonstrate that empirical experience does not stand alone but interacts with human rational capacity. Revelation provides normative direction and a theological orientation, reason functions to analyze and process knowledge, while experience provides concrete data about reality. Thus, Islamic epistemology establishes a harmonious relationship among experience, rationality, and revelation.